硬體、軟體、儀式，記憶

硬體建設和軟體教育一樣重要，透過儀式的活動，構成「記憶」

缺一，則歷史逐漸變調

「記憶必須積極地記得，必須根植於實體物件或場址，也得經由紀念式或慶典所維持；否則，記憶將受到歷史普遍性訴求所具有的權威所吞噬，或者迷失在其中。」（memories need to be actively remembered, and thus memory needs to take root in the concrete object or site, and needs to be maintained through anniversaries or celebrations, otherwise it becomes overtaken by, or lost in, the authority held by universal claims of history）

－江明親，神聖場址與世俗記憶：殖民遺產的後殖民詮釋